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[2] CDC 2022, Chronic Diseases in America, Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/infographic/chronic-diseases.htm
Exhibit 3. Selected Indicators of Social Determinants of Health (2022)
Note: Important differences between Virginia state-level data and locality/district data are highlighted in blue.
City of James
City of City of City of York
Indicators (all estimates) Newport City HPHD Virginia
Hampton Poquoson Williamsburg County
News County
Estimated Child Population 21.6%
21.0% 23.7% 21.1% 11.4% 19.2% 22.5% 21.8%
(age <18)
Estimated Older Adult 16.9%
16.9% 14.3% 20.7% 18.0% 26.9% 17.8% 15.8%
Population (65+)
Children in Poverty (below 13.9%
23.2% 22.2% 9.4% 15.9% 9.9% 6.2% 16.7%
100% Poverty Level)
Population at or below 100% 10.6%
15.2% 15.3% 5.6% 20.7% 7.3% 4.9% 11.9%
of Poverty Level
Pop. Age 25+, less than High 10.0%
8.0% 9.1% 5.0% 5.2% 4.5% 5.3% 7.5%
School
Children with Health 95.1%
96.4% 96.2% 96.3% 95.0% 95.7% 95.7% 95.4%
Insurance
Adults with Health Insurance 89.2%
90.6% 88.3% 93.4% 91.1% 92.0% 91.9% 88.3%
(age 18-64)
Asian Population 2.4% 3.3% 2.4% 5.8% 2.6% 6.2% 4.8% 7.1%
Black or African American 19.5%
51.1% 42.3% 1.2% 15.8% 13.4% 13.6% 36.2%
Population
White Population 38.9% 45.0% 91.9% 71.0% 78.2% 72.7% 60.4% 64.9%
Hispanic \ Latino Population 6.9% 10.2% 3.9% 7.4% 6.8% 7.8% 7.0% 10.5%
Some Other Race 1.9% 3.6% 0.6% 2.8% 1.9% 2.2% 2.1% 4.1%
Two or More Races 5.1% 5.1% 3.2% 4.1% 3.4% 4.6% 4.4% 3.9%
Source: Greater Hampton Roads Community Indicator Dashboard, Community Data, Demographics, 2022
www.ghrconnects.org
Source: US Census, https://data.census.gov/cedsci/
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Overcoming Obstacles to Health report states that, “a large and growing body of
research evidence shows that the complex array of factors that are intrinsically linked with poverty make up the “social
determinants” of health”. Simply stated, “Factors that are integral to poverty, such as insufficient education, inadequate
housing, racism, and food insecurity, are also indicators of poor health. We know that a child’s life expectancy is predicted
more by his ZIP code than his genetic code.” [3]
As shown in Exhibit 3, poverty rates for children and adults in Hampton, Newport News, and the City of Williamsburg are
higher than the State, with Williamsburg experiencing an increase in the child poverty rate since 2017. The increases
have highlighted the prevalence of child poverty in our communities and the need to address it as we investigate solutions
to improving health outcomes. However, our responsibility is not solely on low income communities. We prioritize the most
vulnerable, but address any conditions that affect the health outcomes of all of our residents.
Another important factor to consider when it comes to health is health insurance. With the expansion of Medicaid in
Virginia, HPHD continues to trend upward in achieving health care coverage for all. This is shown by the increase in both
children with health insurance and overall insured populations in Newport News, Williamsburg, and James City County.
Improvements in insured rates have been seen especially among the overall population in our six localities. HPHD will
continue to work with community partners to increase access to healthcare for everyone in the district.
Indicators of Health Status
Health status in a community is measured in terms of morbidity (rates of the incidence and prevalence of disease) and
mortality (rates of death within a population). It’s important to note that the health status of a community is a
multidimensional concept and therefore requires multiple indicators to provide an overall measure of health. The
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