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Abstract
The site-specific Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study at Dominion Terminal Associates and Kinder
Morgan Bulk Terminals (Newport News, VA) evaluated porous wind fences as a mitigation strategy for
fugitive coal dust. Using SolidWorks Flow Simulation, 21 scenarios (baseline + 3 fence layouts × 2
heights × 3 dominant winds) quantified near-surface velocity reduction and particle transport for 10 µm
(PM10) and 50 µm coal particles at a representative 15 mph wind speed.
Key results: An 80 ft, 50% porous ½-wrap or ¾-wrap fence reduced 10 µm particle escape by 80–89%
and 50 µm escape by 65–78% under predominant SW winds, with comparable benefits for SSE and
WNW. The 100 ft option provided marginally greater shelter distance but slightly higher 10 µm escape in
some configurations due to altered recirculation. These reductions occur through lowered shear stress on
stockpile surfaces and creation of sheltered recirculation zones.
Findings support implementation of 80 ft partial-wrap fences (coupled with pile-
effective measure that may substantially reduce dust transport toward nearby residential areas,
addressing community concerns while maintaining operational flexibility.
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