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Coal dust and wind fence — Computational Fluid Dynamics study

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2 10% for the 80 ft version. Taller fences create altered recirculation patterns that can increase particle lofting over the top. Full Wrap Often Underperforms: A full 360-degree enclosure can trap wind inside the terminal, generating internal vortices that increase dust escape—particularly for fine particles under SW winds, where a full- wrap 80 ft fence allows 62% escape versus 26% for a three-quarter wrap at the same height. WNW Wind Is the Most Challenging Direction: Even the best configurations leave 30–50% of particles escaping under west-northwest winds, compared to as low as 10–13% under SW and SSE winds. Recommendation DSI recommends implementation of 80 ft, 50% porous half-wrap or three-quarter wrap wind fences, prioritizing coverage of the dominant SW and SSE wind exposures. Pile heights should be maintained at or below 80 ft to maximize fence effectiveness. Full-wrap and 100 ft configurations should be avoided based on CFD results. Post-installation field validation (TSP monitoring, anemometry) is recommended to confirm modeled reductions. Detailed simulation models supporting this conclusion are provided in Appendices D and E.
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